COMPOSITION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN FRESH WHEY — Proceeding R-1

Abstract

The surface properties of textile materials play a key role in their appearance, tactile perception, and wearing comfort, with the reverse side of knitted fabrics being critical due to their direct connection with the wearer’s skin. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of sublimation printing on the surface properties of the reverse side of interlock knitted fabrics intended for activewear. Two types of knitted fabrics were printed using the sublimation printing technique in the CMYK colour model. Surface properties were evaluated using the KES-FB4 instrument, analysing the surface friction coefficient (MIU), mean deviation of the friction coefficient (MMD), and geometrical roughness (SMD). The results indicated that the knitted fabric structure and yarn fineness significantly affected the resistance of knitted fabrics to changes induced by sublimation printing. Knitted fabric 2KF exhibited higher SMD values and lower MIU values compared to 1KF. Greater stability of surface parameters after printing was observed in knitted fabric 1KF, which is attributed to its higher thickness and more homogeneous structure. For printed samples 1KF, SMD values in the course direction ranged from 2.430 μm to 3.661 μm, while for 2KF samples they ranged from 5.212 μm to 6.965 μm. A strong linear correlation was established between SMD and knitted fabric weight (R2 = 0.8615), indicating that SMD values increased proportionally with knitted fabric weight. Although sublimation printing was applied to the fabric’s face side, the high temperature and pressure also affected the reverse side.

Keywords: Knitted fabrics, surface properties, printing process

Acknowledgment

Project BG16RFPR002-1.014-0005-Competence Centre „Smart Mechatronic, Eco and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies“, Technical University-Gabrovo, Bulgaria. The project was financed by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (ev.No. 451-03-137/2025-03/ 200133)

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